Optrodes for combined optogenetics and electrophysiology in live animals.

A novel carbon tipped single micro-optrode for combined optogenetics and electrophysiology

Optical microelectrodes (optrodes) are used in neuroscience to transmit light into the brain of a genetically modified animal to evoke and record electrical activity from light-sensitive neurons. Our novel micro-optrode solution integrates a light-transmitting 125 micrometer optical fiber and a 9 micrometer carbon monofilament to form an electrical lead element, which is contained in a borosili...

A polymer-based neural microimplant for optogenetic applications: design and first in vivo study.

In optogenetics, neurons are genetically modified to become sensitive to light and thus, they can be stimulated or inhibited by light of certain wavelengths. In this work, we describe the fabrication of a polymer-based shaft electrode as a tool for optogenetics. This device can conduct light as well as fluids to a target brain region and record electrical neural signals from the same part of th...

A 3D glass optrode array for optical neural stimulation

This paper presents optical characterization of a first-generation SiO(2) optrode array as a set of penetrating waveguides for both optogenetic and infrared (IR) neural stimulation. Fused silica and quartz discs of 3-mm thickness and 50-mm diameter were micromachined to yield 10 × 10 arrays of up to 2-mm long optrodes at a 400-μm pitch; array size, length and spacing may be varied along with th...

Dissecting neural circuits for vision in non- human primates using fMRI-guided electrophysiology and optogenetics

Toward microendoscopy-inspired cardiac optogenetics in vivo: technical overview and perspective.

The ability to perform precise, spatially localized actuation and measurements of electrical activity in the heart is crucial in understanding cardiac electrophysiology and devising new therapeutic solutions for control of cardiac arrhythmias. Current cardiac imaging techniques (i.e. optical mapping) employ voltage- or calcium-sensitive fluorescent dyes to visualize the electrical signal propag...